R Markdown Hints
Think of an R Markdown File, or Rmd for short, as a command center. You write commands, then Knit the file, and an html output file is created according to your commands. 1
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##Creating Links
To make a link use the code [Name of Link](addressForLink).
Linking to parts of your textbook:
[Numerical Summaries](NumericalSummaries.html)becomes Numerical Summaries[Boxplots](GraphicalSummaries.html#boxplots)becomes Boxplots[R Commands](RCommands.html)becomes R Commands
Linking to outside resources:
[R Colors](http://www.stat.columbia.edu/~tzheng/files/Rcolor.pdf)becomes R Colors
Creating Headers
There are six available sizes of headings you can use in an Rmd file (left in image) that show up as shown below (right in image).
Emphasizing Words
To italisize a word use the asterisk (Shift 8) *italisize*. To bold a word use the double asterisk **bold**. The back tic can be used tohighlightwords by placing back tics on each side of a word: highlight `.
Bullet Points
Simple Lists
To achieve the result:
This is the first item.
This is the second.
This is the third.
Use the code:
To achieve the result:
* This is the first item.
* This is the second.
* This is the third.Numbered Lists
To achieve the result:
This is the first item.
This is the second.
This is the third.
Use the code:
To achieve the result:
1. This is the first item.
2. This is the second.
3. This is the third.Lettered Lists
To achieve the result:
This is the first item.
This is the second.
This is the third.
Use the code:
To achieve the result:
A) This is the first item.
B) This is the second.
C) This is the third.Nested Lists
What is \(2+2\)?
4
8
What is \(3\times5\)?
14
15
1. What is $2+2$?
a. **4**
b. 8
2. What is $3\times5$?
a. 14
b. **15**Math Equations
Use the dollar signs $x=5$ to write \(x=5\) or $z=\frac{x-\mu}{\sigma}$ to write \(z=\frac{x-\mu}{\sigma}\). For a nicely centered equation use the double dollar signs $$ $$ on separate lines
$$
z = \frac{\bar{x}-\mu}{\frac{\sigma}{\sqrt{n}}}
$$to get \[ z = \frac{\bar{x}-\mu}{\frac{\sigma}{\sqrt{n}}} \]
Or
$$
H_0: \mu_1 = \mu_2
$$
$$
H_a: \mu_1 \neq \mu_2
$$to get \[ H_0: \mu_{\text{Group 1}} = \mu_{\text{Group 2}} \] \[ H_a: \mu_{\text{Group 1}} \neq \mu_{\text{Group 2}} \]
Symbol list:
| Symbol | LaTeX Math Code |
|---|---|
| \(\alpha\) | $\alpha$ |
| \(\beta\) | $\beta$ |
| \(\sigma\) | $\sigma$ |
| \(\epsilon\) | $\epsilon$ |
| \(\bar{x}\) | $\bar{x}$ |
| \(\hat{Y}\) | $\hat{Y}$ |
| \(=\) | $=$ |
| \(\ne\) | $\ne$ or $\neq$ |
| \(>\) | $>$ |
| \(<\) | $<$ |
| \(\ge\) | $\ge$ |
| \(\le\) | $\le$ |
| \(\{ \}\) | $\{ \}$ |
| \(\text{Type just text}\) | $\text{Type just text}$ |
| \(\overbrace{Y_i}^\text{label}\) | $\overbrace{Y_i}^\text{label}$ |
| \(\underbrace{Y_i}_\text{label}\) | $\underbrace{Y_i}_\text{label}$ |
Insert a Picture
To add a picture to your document, say some notes you took down on paper from class,
Use the code:  to get…
Tables
There are many ways to make tables in R Markdown. Here is a simple way to make a “pipe” table.
| Name | Age | Gender |
|---------------|---------------|--------------|
| Jill | 8 | Female |
| Jack | 9 | Male || Name | Age | Gender |
|---|---|---|
| Jill | 8 | Female |
| Jack | 9 | Male |
Themes
Notice in the YAML (at the top of the RMD file) there is a line that reads:
“theme: cerulean”
Other possible themes are
- “default”, “cerulean”, “journal”, “flatly”, “readable”, “spacelab”, “united”, and “cosmo”.
You can also change the highlighting by adding the line “highlight: tango” to the YAML as follows.
---
title: "Markdown Hints"
output:
html_document:
theme: cerulean
highlight: tango
---Other highlighting options are
- “default”, “tango”, “pygments”, “kate”, “monochrome”, “espresso”, “zenburn”, “haddock”, and “textmate”.
More Information
Go to the rmarkdown.rstudio.com website for more information on how to use R Markdown.